From the kernel logs you provided, there appear to be file system errors on the external storage. This is unrelated to the TOS system update. You can refer to this post to repair the file system errors:
Regarding the issue where the link is connected but communication fails—requiring an `ip link set down/up` command or a reboot to restore connectivity—we have successfully reproduced and diagnosed the problem in our lab. The root cause is that the `r8169` driver fails to fully re-initialize the MAC path after the link transitions from "disconnected" to "restored"; consequently, while the PHY indicates a normal link status, data transmission and reception are impossible. This issue will be resolved in a future TOS release.
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The engineer replied that we can resolve the issue you are currently experiencing remotely. Please visit the link below to schedule a remote session through our online support:
To contact our team, please send email to following addresses, remember to replace (at) with @:
Support team: support(at)terra-master.com (for technical support only)